Does Williams Syndrome Affect Speech?
What is Williams Syndrome?
Williams Syndrome is a rare disorder caused by the spontaneous deletion of 26-28 genes on chromosome number 7. The deletion occurs at conception and can occur in either the egg or the sperm. In most cases, this takes place on its own with no family history; however, someone who has this genetic condition has a 50% chance of passing it on to their children. One of the missing genes is attributed to the production of elastin, which is the protein that allows blood vessels and other tissues in the body to stretch.
People with Williams Syndrome have an array of issues, including medical complications, developmental delays as well as learning challenges.
According to the Williams Syndrome Association, Williams Syndrome affects 1 in 7500 - 10,000 people worldwide. This equates to about 20,000 - 30,000 people in the United States.
What are the symptoms of Williams Syndrome?
There are a range of physical, medical, social, and cognitive symptoms that are common for someone diagnosed with Williams Syndrome.
Physical Symptoms
- Large ears
- Small Jaw
- Upturned nose
- Epicanthal folds
- Wide mouth
- Small teeth
- Slower growth in childhood
- Shorter than average height for adults
Medical Symptoms
- Feeding problems as infants
- Cardiovascular Issues (Narrowing of the aorta and pulmonary artery as well as other heart defects)
- Endocrine Issues (underactive thyroid as well as too much calcium in their blood and urine)
- Chronic ear infections
- Curved Spine (Scoliosis)
- Weak muscle tone
Social Symptoms
- Extremely friendly (even to strangers)
- Hyperactivity
- Loving nature
Cognitive Delays
- Delayed Speech
- Learning difficulties
Treatment for Williams Syndrome
As Williams syndrome is a Chromosomal deletion, there is no cure. To improve the overall quality of life, it is helpful to seek a range of therapies and treatments for symptoms of this condition.
Someone with Williams Syndrome will have routine blood work and urine tests to check on their kidneys. If they have cardiovascular issues, they will also have routine visits with a Cardiologist.
Children with Williams Syndrome often have balance problems and spatial awareness delays. They can benefit from physical and occupational therapy.
As delayed speech and learning difficulties go hand in hand with Williams Syndrome, speech therapy is also recommended. Early intervention is key, and a speech therapist can offer many tips for parents of children with speech and language delays while working with the child one-on-one.
How is Williams Syndrome Diagnosed?
Williams Syndrome is diagnosed through genetic testing.
- FISH (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) testing is typically performed on a blood or tissue sample. The test uses fluorescent probes to bind to specific areas of chromosome 7 to detect the deletion of the genes.
- Chromosomal Microarray Analysis is often more comprehensive than FISH and provides detailed mapping of chromosomes to identify if there are deletions of genes.
Does Williams Syndrome Affect Speech?
Individuals with Williams Syndrome are known to be incredibly social and friendly; however, they typically have speech and language delays early on. It is common for some children to not say their first words until after the age of 2 and have a limited vocabulary compared to their peers. Articulation can also be affected due to muscle tone issues.
Studies show that someone with Williams Syndrome may use big words without understanding the meaning. They can have an extensive vocabulary and be very talkative but struggle to comprehend what is said to them in return, causing communication issues.
While many individuals with Williams Syndrome have strong social conversation skills, they may struggle with using correct grammar and syntax.
Speech Therapy for Williams Syndrome
Having a child with speech delays can be concerning and sometimes frustrating. Speech therapy can be very helpful in overcoming these delays and easing your concerns. Early and ongoing speech therapy is a critical component in treating the symptoms of Williams Syndrome and helping these individuals communicate.
A speech therapist can work with children and adults with Williams Syndrome to increase their vocabulary and use words in the correct context. They can work on articulation difficulties and improve clarity in speech.
While someone with Williams Syndrome is likely very friendly and talkative, they may struggle with listening comprehension and conversational skills. Speech therapy can help with navigating social interactions by working on regulating speech and conversational flow. This may also include breath control and slowing down speech if the person is a fast talker.
Speech therapy is an effective tool that can help a person with Williams syndrome interact more effectively and confidently in both academic and social situations. If you or someone you love are in need of an experienced speech and language pathologist, look no further than the virtual speech therapy services provided by Great Speech. Learn more by scheduling your free introductory call today!